Lathe



April 3, 192s.

E. COENEN LATHE Filed Jan. 14. 1926 2 SheetswSheet 1 April 3, 1928. 1,664,968

E. coENEN LATI-IE Filed Jan. 14. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 90 B a1 6o Patented Apr. 3, .1928.

EDOUARD COENEN, 0F BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

LATI-IE.

Application led January 14, 1925, Serial No. 81,323, and in Belgium January 22, 1925.

The present invention relates to a lathe whose headstock comprises a fixed shaft adapted to carry a fixed point and a movable shaft concentric with said fixed shaft.

Tn known lathes of this type the movable shaft is carried by an overhanging part of the fixed shaft. This arrangement does not provide stability as good as in ordinary lathes wherein the movable shaft is supported in at least two bearings.

In the present invention the movable shaft or sleeve concentric with the fixed shaft is supported in two bearings as in ordinary lathes. This arrangement renders the movable shaft entirely independent of the fixed shaft.

According to an embodiment of the invention both of said bearings are placed at thel interior of two of three supports holding the xed shaft in the fixed headstoclz. This fixed shaft is perforated clear through with a bore permitting the insertion either of the object to be machined or a sleeve which guides a tool such as a drill when the lathe is used as a drilling machine.

This invention also provides for taking up any possible play between. the fixed and the rotatable shaft by means of a. bearing which is cylindrical on the surface in contact with the movable shaft and conical. on that surface in contact with the fixed shaft, said bearing being split or slotted on one of its generatricities so as to be able to slide on the fixed shaft parallel with its axiswhen a collar is screwed on said shaft.

In accordance with the invention the movable shaft is driven by means of a gear wheel arranged between two bearing-s on said shaft. Accordingly as the object to be machined requires greater or smaller forces this gear wheel operates through an intermediate shaft located below and laterally of the tool with respect to the lathe shaft, or at the other side of this shaft.

Each of these intermediate shafts is driven by a change speed mechanism.

Operation is effected through a pinion which may be engaged or disengaged with said gear wheel by moving it transversely relative to said axis.

The drawings accompanying the presents specification show exemplary embodiment et? the invention Fig. 1 is an elevation along an axial section through alathe constructed in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the lathe along line II-II of Fig. `1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the lathe along the preceding figures, the lateral flanges covering the transmission gears being removed,

Fig. 4 is a detailed view of the lathe on enlarged scale showing the section along IV-IV of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an axial section showing the use of the lathe as a drilling machine.

Figs. 1-4 show that the fixed headstock 7 supported on the base 6 has three supports 9, 10 and 7 O, in which the fixed shaft 8 rests. Engaged between the two supports 10 and 7 0 on shaft 8 is a movable shaft 25 on which are mounted, on the one hand, a gear wheel 18 set in rotation by an intermediate shaft, and on the other hand, a gear wheel 7 8 driving an auxiliary shaft 74 which, among other things, serves for advancing the carriage.

This'shaft 25 rests in supports 10 and 7 0 through two bronze bearing and 75. The front support 7 0 is thus actually a bearing. The central support l() is a bearing support or block, since the front one contains the bearing 75 and the rear is a direct support for the fixed shaft 8. The rear block 9 is a true support since it serves only as a direct bearing for the fixed shaft 8.-

Fixed shaft 8 is thus supported at three different points.

The part of this fixed shaft 8 comprised between its front end and the bearing support 10 is turned conically externally and terminates in a threaded part in which av collar 78 may be screwed. This conical porn tion of shaftl 8 has a bearing 26 having an internal conical surface corresponding to the surface at the end of the fixed shaft, while its external surface is cylindrical. This bearing 26 is slotted or split along one of its generatricities so that it may open when being pushed by the threaded collar 78 and thus take up any play existing between shaft 8 and movable shaft 25. It is thus possible to maintain the contact between the two shafts constant. Rotation of bearing 26 on fixed shaft 8 is prevented by two plugs 'screwed on the shaft, the heads which Y ings forthe chief elements, fixed shaft 8 and movable shaft 28 are assured of stability and theieican bene` deviation of the axis of.-

the movableshaft with respect to the axis of the lathe.

As a matter of fact, the hxed shaft is supported at three points and the movable 'shaft 25 is retained at both its ends eideriorly by bearings 75 and 75 and internally by two collars 71 and 72 of bearing 26.

Moreove`r, the arrangement -of the drive wheel 18 between the two bearings of movableshaft 25 eliminates all action on an verhanging part; Y

The fixed shaft 8 is `perforated Qlear through with a bore of large diameter, the front end of this bore beingl drilled `out conically for a length sufhciently great to receive a sleeve 11 carrying the iixedcenter 2 or a sleeve having a cylindrical perforation servi ing to support and guide the drill bits .when

the lathe is used as a drilling machine. This shaft 8 not being subjected to torsion, its wall thickness may be considerablyV reduced and it is thus possible, as compared with ordinarily used lathes, to double thel drilling diameter of the shaft for the sage of the bits.

The fixed shaft is prevented from moving axially by means of a rib 76 engaged in a corresponding groove of support 10. Axial `pressure is completely absorbed by this rib and the movable elements are not subjected to friction resultingr from this pressure as j is the case with ordinary lathes.

\ to be `fitted to the end ofthe The v movable shaft 25, by means of a flange 77, is supported on bearing and on the'other hand is retained by bearing 26, on which the annular stop member 7 8, screwed on the end of shaft 8, may act.

Shaft 25, at the side of center 2, is provided with a threaded portion on which may be screwed all'the plates 'or other tools ordinary lathe shaft. j

In 1,the shaft 25 is shown as carryinga plate 4 9 whose thrust tappet 39 bears freely on a lathe dog 38 attached to the piece to be machined. i

This piece 1 is supported by the fixed center 2 ofthe .fixed headstock 7 and the fixed center 3 of the movable headstock 5.

The lathe described permits not only of turning between fixed centers, but also turningl in the` air, that is to say, turning onA i tables and other machines without the help of centers and also turning between a fixed and a movable center. This latter case,

pas-

which is that of the ordinary lathe, is realized simply by fitting to sleeve 25 a plate carrying a center which turns therewith.

The lathe of the invention is thus at the same time a parallel and a revolving lathe.

The drive mechanism of gear 18 comprises a stepped pulley 23 keyed on a hollow shaft 7 9 engaged freely onthe fixed shaft 8. This shaft 79 likewise carried the two gear wheels 8O and 81. j

On each side of the fixed shaft 8 is arranged a shaft 87 or 88 on which gears 82-83 and 84-85, meshing respectively with gears 80 and 81, are idly mounted.

The shaft 87, on which the gears C82"-84 are mounted, also serves as a support for a` clutch sleeve 89 which maylbemoved longitudinally of this axis `by a `handle or the like 90. v

'The sleeve 8.9 drives theaxis 87 during the course of Vits rotation, the speed thereof varying accordingly asits jaws 91 are engaged between corresponding jaws 92 of gear `wheel 82 or jaws 93 of gear wheel 8l. The same is true of clutchsleeve 94 mounted on the shaft 88 and controlled or driven by a handle 95, said sleeve being adapted to contact with wheels 83 or 84.

ris the transmission ratio is' different for at sixteen different speeds. Drive wheel 18 i,

is driven through pinions 9t` -97 keyed respectively on intermediate shafts 98-99.' A second pinion 111 keyed on the intermediate shafts 98 meshes with a gear wheel 3112 keyed on shaft 87 and a pinion 113 attached on intermediate shaft 99 isin mesh with wheel 114 keyed on shaft 88. The intermediate shafts98-99 are mounted preferably in lateral flanges or plates 102-193 which cover the transmission gears.

Each of these flanges or plates is `adapted to pivot about the shafts 87 or 88V under the control of a release mechanism 10i-105 which is supported on the one hand by the frame of the lieadstock and on the other by the flange or. plate. In this manner it is possible, for example, to bring the pinion `96 nearer to or further away'froin theV main wheel 18, whereby shafts 87 maybe `held stationary duringthe time in which the pinion 97, rotating under the action of one or the other gear 83 or 85. meshes with the main with av threaded end which .is screwed'in a notch or depression 106 of the base and is supported on the side j plate `or flange through two collars so as to permit of carrying the flange closer to or further away from the base and hence the clutch or release of pinion 96 or 97. As shown in Fig. 4t, the element integral with the'flange is formed preferablyof a forlr 120 adapted to pivot about an axis 121 so as to permit the flange or plate to pivot.

By arranging the intermediate shafts 98 and 99 at each side of the fixed shaftk a better result is obtained during the operation of the tool than where ordinarily used transmission iiieclianisinswith lathes have a rotating main shaft and' a plurality of speeds and in which the intermediate transmission shafts are all grouped at the side of the lathe shaft opposite the tool. The result-'is that the object being machined rotates through this drive for high as well as low 'speeds and hence for slight as well as for great forces, with pinions rotating in the same direction wheel 18 so as to exert a thrust on the tool, which is particularly disadvantageous where great forces are transmitted.

On the contrary in the arrangement of the present invention the intermediate shafts 98 and 99l are arranged at each side of the fixed shaft 8 of the lathe and thus act at two different points on the drive wheel 18 and hence on plate 40. The points of engagement may thus be chosen so thatl great forces transmitted at low speed may be transmitted through intermediate shaft 99 so that pinion 97 acts through traction on wheel 18, the direction of rotation of this wheel being clockwise for a person observing Fig. 2 while the pinion 96 driven by intermediate shaft 98 exerts` thrust on wheel 18 for transmitting slight forces only. This arrangement which assures uniform operation of the tool and prevents vibration is impossible in ordinary lathes wherein the gears controlling rotation of the spindle are all arranged at the same side thereof, without necessitating complicated devices having a large number of ears.

Other devices for constructing and driving the clutch mechanisms such as 89 and 104--105 may easily be conceived. Insteadv of roller 109 be moved angularly by handle 90, sliding in a circular groove 122 of sleeve 89 a thread may be provided on this sleeve which engages with a suitable thread provided on the axis 110 of handle 90.

On the other hand, the invention is not limited to a transmission with a four stepped pulley separately driving four gears of different transmission ratio.

-Fig 5 shows an applicaion of the lathe as a drilling machine, inf'accordance with which the free end 130 of a drill or bit mandrel 60 is guided in a sleeve 131 of approximately equal internal diameter. The object to be machined, as above, is actuated by a to secure by and which act on thek provided on a rod adapted to plate et() affixed to the end of the movable shaft 25. 'This gure likewise shows the possibility of exterior turning by means of i001 5i, f

What l claim as my invention and desire Letters Patent is:

1. A lathe comprising a fixed shaft carryi ing a fixed center, a about the fixed shaft, an intermediate shaftV driving the tubular shaft, two bearings encompassing-the tubular shaft, two bearing` blocks containin said bearings and threesupports encompassing the fixed shaft.

2. A lathe comprising a' fixed shaft carrying a fixed center, a tubular shaft rotating about they fixed shaft, an intermediate shaft driving the tubular shaft, three supports encompassing the fixed shaft, two bearings encompassing the blocks containing said bearings, constituted by two of the vthree supports of the fixed shaft.V

3. lathe comprising a fixed shaft carrying a fixed center, a tubular shaft rotating about the fixed shaft, an intermediate shaft driving the tubular shaft, two bearings encompassing the tubular shaft, two' bearing tubular shaft rotating.'

tubular shaft, two bearing blocks containing said bearings, three supports encompassing the fixed shaft, a bearing l between an exterial conical part of the end of the `fixed shaft and an internal cylindrical part of the tubular shaft, a longitudinal cleft in this latter bearing, and means to slide the bearing in the .direction of the axes of said shafts.v

a. A lathe comprising a fixed shaft carrying a fixed center, a tubular shaft rotating fixed shaft, an intermediate shaft placed about tiie driving the tubular shaft, two bearings cncompassing theftubular shaft, two bearing blocks containing saidbcarings, three supports encompassingthe fixed shaft, a bearing placed between an external conical portion of the end of the fixed shaft and an internal cylindrical portion of the tubular shaft, a longitudinal cleft in said latter bearing, a threaded portion at the end of the fixed shaft, and a nut applied against the split bearing engaging on said threaded part.

i lathe comprising a fixed shaft carrying a fixed center, tubular shaft rotating about the fixed shaft` an intermediate shaft driving the tubular shaft, two bearings enate shaft driving the tubular shaft arranged 4 i slit at eaehusidefof thewfixed shaft, when the a blocks u containing e eacli-lsideof thefixed shaft, `a drive pulley;

Vor out of engagement with keyed on `the `tubular shaft.L

nuinbertof speedstb bevtransmitted Vto the tubularfshaftisgreats1A 7. A lathe comprising a fixed shaft carryi- Ving: aaifxed :centeneautubular shaft rotating shaftn two bearings encomf about the fixed;

passing;` `therniovable 1shaft, two bearing side of the fixed sh-aft; L

8. A lathe comprisingia fixedehaft carry-` .a tubular shaft rotating about the fixedishaft, two bearings enceiningv `a ffifxedu centen,

passing theit ubulari shaft, two bearing blocks containing `said bearings,4 ian intermediate shafft 1 drivlingi the tubular `shaft `arranged at eachiside of the 4fixed shaft,.and a-ehange speed inechanisnii `driving each intermediate shaft. -il i 9. `A lathecomprising a lixed shaft carry-` ingj afixed center; ale-tubular `shaft rotating aboutthe fixed shaftn` two `bearings encoinpassing-the -tubularl shaft, -two bearing blocks containing saidbearings,` an `intermediate shaft driving-the tubular shaft arranged at mounted idly'on thexed shaft, a `gearilocated at each extremityfof the drive `pulley andfiixed thereupon,r two i gears mounted idly 'on shafts flocatedon each side of thel fixedshaft `and engaging with the preceding ones, a` clutch nieinher fixed-angularly on each-of these 4two shaftsbuti slidable along them,y nieans for putting each clutch inember?separatelyA in contact `with the idly mounted gears, a gear keyed on each of these shafts, a gear keyed on each of the intermediate shafts engaging with the pref ceding gear, and means for Varying the dis' tance between theitubulanshaft-and each Vintermediateehaftso that apinion keyed onV each intermediate shaft may be put into the gear wheel l0. A lathe comprising a lined'shaft carrying a fixed center, a tubular; shaft rotatingabout the fixed-shaft, two bearingsfen# compassing lthe Vtubularshaft,V two bearing blocks containing said bearings, an intermediate shaft driving the tubular shaft arranged at each sideof the `fixed shaft, a drive -pulley rsaid bearings,` an inter-i lnediateeshaft driving theftubular'shaft ar- 1 `traneifnitting great mounted idly lon the fixed f shaft, a; geen! l,0- f1 A Vcated i at each extremity fof intermediate shaft so that a -pinionkeyedionv each intermediate sliaftfmay-*be put intoor out of engageinei1tiwiththegeariwheelkeyedJ i on theftnbular shaft; by ions transversely with respect to their axis] @s l1. AA lathe comprising-a finedfshaftear-` rying afixed center, a tubular shaftirotatffy ing ahoutthe fixed shaft,` twojV bearings en--:a

v conipassin g :the tubularv shaft; two .bearing `550 blocks containing Vsaid bearings,` an finteiw; mediate shaft driving the'tubularwshaft al'- ranged; at each side` of the 'fixed'x shaftaa` drive pulley inounted'idly on thefixed Shafti a gear located-at each extremity of thedriver85 pulley" and ifixed ifthereuponf; two@ gears# mounted idly onsliafts locatedon eachiside. 1 ofthe fixed shaft and engaging with "the pref f 1 ceding ones,` a clutchlinernber fixed angularljy on each` of `these two shafts` `but slidable 90 along thein,` ineansufor 'putting eaehclutchA i" ineinber separately in contaetfwith'theddly-T inountedgears, agear keyed on each of these shaftsfa` gear keyed on each of theiiinteref `nriediate shafts engaging with `the -pre'eedinfg gear,` and means for lvarying :'thef` olistanceif` betweenthe tubular shaftwand `:eachf: inter-,i-

ymediate shaft so thata pinion-keyedY on eaclr EDOUARD- {GoENnNi l 

